Over the last decade, emerging market economies have faced shocks arising from both external events and idiosyncratic factors. Brazil took advantage of benign conditions in the first decade of the century to substantially increase its foreign reserves, achieving reserves adequacy on several...

In recent years, the economic and financial environments have continued to confront emerging market economies, including Thailand, with challenges in conducting monetary and exchange rate policy. The unwinding of unconventional monetary policy, escalating trade tensions and disruption from new...

This short paper is an abbreviated version of Nishizaki et al (2012). Japan has suffered from long-lasting but mild deflation since the latter half of the 1990s. Estimates of a standard Phillips curve indicate that a decline in inflation expectations, the negative output gap, and other factors...

The increasing size and concentration of official foreign exchange reserves after years of continued expansion, especially since the Asian crisis, have led to renewed interest in the way reserve management decisions are taken and in their possible impact on financial markets. Reserve management...

In recent years, issues related to the management of foreign exchange reserves have gained prominence, and reserve management practices have evolved rapidly. Against this background, the Monetary and Economic Department of the Bank for International Settlements organised an ad hoc meeting of...

Kamber et al (2020) investigate possible changes in the driving forces of inflation for a panel of 47 advanced and emerging market economies over a sample period from 1996 to 2018. Overall, the results support an open economy hybrid Phillips curve model of inflation with increased weight on...

South Africa is a small open economy characterised by increasing trade and financial integration since the advent of democracy in 1994. The country's business cycle has been strongly synchronised with the rest of world, with large common shocks accounting for much of the increased...

Global trading activity for different types of goods is mapped using network analysis, comparing the mid-1990s with recent years. Variations in trade patterns through time are described and the rise of new players in different sectors is documented. Subsequently, some features of the integration...

Two FX policy issues are discussed based on the recent Colombian experience. First, the increased participation of foreign investors in local bond markets since 2014 induced a reassessment of international reserve adequacy. We present the resulting Liquidity Coverage Ratio-type methodology to...

The paper reviews the impact of Chile's reserves policies and intervention on the country since it moved into a free floating scheme in 2001. During this period, there have been just a few interventions, with all but one focusing on building up reserves, characterized by preannounced targets,...