The Israeli financial system withstood the global financial crisis (GFC) of 2007–09 relatively well and came out unscathed. Notwithstanding this favourable outcome, Israel is a small open economy, which means that its domestic financial conditions cannot be disconnected from the consequences...

Attention from policymakers tends to concentrate on the short-term effects of crisis policies on growth and financial stability. This paper investigates side-effects of current crisis policies from the perspective of the classic debate between Keynes and Hayek. It argues that three issues remain...

India's expansionary fiscal policy during the recent crisis resulted in higher government borrowing through 2008-09 and 2009-10. This borrowing requirement came in about 83% above the budget estimate in 2008-09, and 65% above the previous year in 2009-10. The debt-to-GDP ratio rose from 69%...

A long period of high public debt-to-GDP ratios will alter the interactions between fiscal policy, monetary policy and government debt management. But opinions differ on exactly how. Four perspectives were explored in this workshop: historical analysis of policies in financial crises;...

We study the cross-border impact of quantitative easing (QE) in the major advanced economies, especially on emerging market economies. We first examine the cross-border financial market impact of central bank announcements of asset purchase programmes. We find marked QE announcement effects on...

Emerging market economies (EMEs) have increased their reserves holdings primarily for self-insurance. The South African Reserve Bank (SARB) has accumulated its foreign exchange (FX) reserves for the same reason, recognising the need to reduce external vulnerability. Both debt issuance and the...

Now there is no part of our economic system which works so badly as our monetary and credit arrangements; none where the results of bad working are so disastrous socially; and none where it is easier to propose a scientific solution. (J. M. Keynes: Speech to the Liberal Party, December 1923, The...

This paper focuses on the interactions between public debt policy and foreign exchange reserve management. We found that, although foreign currency debt issuance can contribute significantly to the growth of foreign exchange reserves, it can cause serious difficulties in the assessment of...

The fiscal health of the Philippines has improved significantly over the past decade. Notwithstanding the dividends from reforms, challenges remain for the Philippines on the fiscal side. Policy coordination, primarily through the Development Budget Coordinating Committee, has helped to reduce...