We study a unique experiment to examine the importance of rating agencies' private information for bank shareholders …. On July 20, 2011, Fitch Ratings refined their bank standalone ratings, which measure intrinsic financial strength, from a … standalone rating refinement was cleanly limited to bank shareholders. We find evidence suggesting that the refinement resulted …

financial crisis of the 20th century - the Great Depression. Using balance-sheet and systemic risk measures at the bank level …, we build an econometric model with incidental truncation that jointly considers bank survival, the type of bank closure … (consolidations, absorption, and failures), and changes to bank risk. Despite roughly 9,000 bank closures, risk did not leave the …

locations of large-bank branches have demographics typically associated with greater financial sophistication, large-bank …

widespread stress, with adverse affects on bank intermediation thereafter. We discuss the bank capital and the bank funding … conclude by discussing the increasing extension of bank credit lines to non-bank financial intermediaries, as well as the role …

This paper identifies how bank branching benefited local economies during the Great Depression. Using archival data and … narrative evidence, I show how Bank of America's branch network in 1930s California created an internal capital market to … competing banking offices. The bank's presence caused smaller city property value contractions and stronger recoveries through …

similar data processing systems, possess "general" signals regarding the borrower's quality. However, the specialized bank …

Bank branch density, defined as the number of bank branches to total deposits, has significantly declined over the past …