Prior to the global financial crisis of 2008, the UK had the largest banking sector asset to GDP ratio among large countries, and had experienced rapid real property price increases as well as a persistent current account deficit in the preceding decade. These factors, together with its role as...

We analyse patterns of bilateral financial investment using data on US holdings of foreign bonds. We document a “history effect” in which holdings seven decades ago continue to influence holdings today. 10–15% of the cross-country variation in US investors' foreign bond holdings is...

Regressions often use pre-orthogonalized regressors: prior to the main regression, an independent variable xi is regressed upon the other regressor(s), and its residuals are used in the right-hand side of the main regression instead of the raw variable itself. For example, the exposure of a...