A simple calculation method measures the level of probability of the European Monetary Union (EMU) formation. The equation makes use of forward interest rates with settlement time after January 1, 1999, to determine the number of countries that will abide by EMU's provision for a single...

This paper connects different business cultures of large banks in various countries of the EMU with monetary policy issue of the ECB. First, the banks' competitive potential as well as their strategic behaviour is outlined. Furthermore, a cluster analysis exhibits some banking groups according...