While research and development expenditures are considered a key to productivity growth and development, the question remains whether their contribution could depend on the particular countries’ and industries’ actual development levels and positions in global value chains. In this paper we...

International tax competition had led to a lowering of corporate tax rates worldwide. Estonia was the first country to reduce the tax rate on retained earnings to zero, while distributed profits remained taxed at the pre-reform level. This paper seeks to analyse the effects of this unique tax...

The doctoral workforce globally constitutes a rather small segment of the labour market. However, PhDs provide crucial input for educational and R&D activities, traditionally through employment in academia, and nowadays increasingly in the public and private sectors. This paper aims to estimate...

While research and development expenditures are considered a key to productivity growth and development, the question remains whether their contribution could depend on the particular countries' and industries' actual development levels and positions in global value chains. In this paper we...

This paper extends the earlier literature on the effects of return migration by studying selection and labour market performance in terms of the wages of young returnees in particular. The topic is motivated by various labour market issues for young people and their high exposure to the...