Using comprehensive balance-sheet data for Spain, we document the use of fixed-term and open-ended contracts by firms over the period 2004-2019. We show that the use of temporary contracts is very heterogeneous across firms, with the distribution of the temporary share being severely...

Difficulties in accessing banking services by certain population groups, in particular those living in rural areas and/or the elderly, are a source of potential vulnerability with regard to the risk of financial exclusion of these cohorts. This paper summarises the actions deployed, by public...

English abstract: In order to curb the advance of COVID-19, Royal Decree-Law 10/2020 of 29 March 2020 stipulated the temporary shutdown of all activities considered non-essential between 30 March and 9 April 2020. This paper uses municipal-level information to quantify the short-term effects of...

This paper presents an estimate of the Spanish economy's potential growth. This estimate is based on a production function methodology that includes certain refinements on previous versions and generates less procyclical potential output growth estimates than those traditionally considered in...

Historical experience and the economic literature show that the process of structural change of economies towards more advanced stages of development is associated with a particular pattern of change in the sectoral composition of economic activity. In a first stage, the manufacturing share...

This document analyses real-time revisions in output gap estimates published by the European Commission for 15 countries over the period 2002-2014. We find that output gap revisions (both in levels and changes) are mainly driven by GDP growth forecast errors. Also, output gap revisions have...

Spanish Abstract: El año 2020 se caracterizó por unas dinámicas de migración neta en España que desembocaron en un aumento de la población rural en detrimento de la población urbana, rompiendo la tendencia secular hacia una mayor urbanización vigente desde mediados del siglo pasado. De...

The COVID-19 shock impacted firms severely all over the world. Governments were swift to implement policy measures to aid these firms, but these are coming to an end in the midst of a highly uncertain macroeconomic environment as a result of the war in Ukraine and the surge in energy prices. In...

The Spanish growth experience over the 1995-2007 period was characterized by the remarkable surge in employment and investment as well as the dismal evolution of productivity. These macroeconomic fluctuations were coupled with an unprecedented credit boom fueled by a housing bubble. This article...

The containment of health care expenditure is one of the major challenges facing public policymakers in the developed countries. This paper provides evidence of significant differences in the cross-country level of efficiency of health care expenditure, meaning that potential cost savings for...