The current financial crisis, which has lasted almost one and a half years, is the 19th such crisis in the post-war period in advanced economies. Recent literature classifies the Nordic crises in Norway, Sweden and Finland in late 1980's and early 1990's among the Big Five crises that have...

The paper analyses the severity of gridlocks in interbank payment systems operating on a real time basis and evaluates by means of simulations the merits of a gridlock resolution algorithm.Data used in the simulations consist of actual payments settled in the Danish and Finnish RTGS systems.The...

This paper analyzes the accumulation of fixed productive capital in the manufacturing industries in Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden over the years 1965-1990.Particular attention is given to the effect of taxes on this process.The following conclusions appear fairly robust across countries:...