This paper examines the fundamental relationship between retail payments and overall economic growth. Using data from across 27 European markets over the period 1995–2009, the results confirm that migration to efficient electronic retail payments stimulates overall economic growth, consumption...

The electronification of retail payments has been rapid in Finland. The use of payment cards and credit transfers is very common. However, cash is still used quite widely, especially for small value purchases.There are no statistics available on values or numbers of cash payments, because cash...

Payment systems are undergoing rapid and fundamental changes stimulated largely by technological progress especially distributed network technology and real-time processing.Internet and e-commerce will have a major impact on payment systems in the future.User demands and competition will speed...

Payment systems are undergoing rapid changes stimulated largely by technological progress.Distributed network technology, real-time processing and customers' willingness to use electronic banking interfaces will further reshape payment systems during the coming years.Internet and e-commerce will...

Finnish payment methods have changed rapidly as payment cards have gained increasing popularity and have, to an extent, replaced cash.This article examines this phenomenon and the trends in cash and electronic payment methods in Finland.It starts with an introduction to the statistical data on...

The present European large-value payment systems are on the verge of notable changes.Since they comprise the backbone or basic infrastructure of the whole economy, it is important that the changes are monitored and carried out in a very prudent manner. This paper attempts to analyse this change...

The paper analyses the severity of gridlocks in interbank payment systems operating on a real time basis and evaluates by means of simulations the merits of a gridlock resolution algorithm.Data used in the simulations consist of actual payments settled in the Danish and Finnish RTGS systems.The...

During the 1990s the availability of location-specific retail payment services in Finland declined substantially, but at the same time there was a surge of development of self-service methods. These new methods, which make use eg of mobile phones and the Internet, dramatically increased the...