concentrated and the tax and transfer system has little redistributive impact. The tax-to-GDP ratio remains low. Consumption taxes …, which tend to be regressive, account for the bulk. The progressivity of income taxes had been undermined by generous tax … reliefs, which benefit the well-off most and increase tax avoidance opportunities. The tax system should be reformed to …

cost of the tax system that underlies the state - tax payer interaction. In this way we develop a channel through which the … determinants (the transaction cost, the tax rates and the debt level). The analysis is carried out in a framework of a monetary …

particular tax– policy on economic activity and tax revenue. We add an informal sector to the Bank of Greece DSGE model and use … tax rates increased by much more and tax revenue by much less than predicted. The model replicates the official output …

maintains progressive personal income tax rates, gradually withdraws low-income support and provides additional benefits for low …This paper assesses Italy’s 2019 tax and benefit reforms, analyses hypothetical reforms and proposes a reform package … that balances goals of reducing poverty, encouraging employment and fiscal sustainability. Using the OECD’s Tax-Benefit and …

. Reforms should strengthen income protection by ensuring that cash benefits provide adequate and tailored support to those in …