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The euro-area financial crisis that erupted in 2009 was marked by negative confidence effects that had both domestic … and international ramifications. Domestically, bank lending declined sharply. Internationally, the demand for the euro as … national and regional spillovers. We also assess the effects of ECB policies on euro reserve holdings. The results suggest that …
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During the euro-area financial crisis, interactions among sovereign spreads, sovereign credit ratings, and bank credit …, we consider a panel of five euro-area stressed countries within a three-equation simultaneous system in which sovereign … ratings strongly interacted with each other during the euro crisis, confirming strong doom-loop effects …
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This paper considers the question of the symmetry of inflation, exchange rate changes and GDP shocks between the EU15 and the new member countries. It applies a relatively new technique, the orthogonal GARCH model, which allows us to calculate a complete time varying correlation matrix for these...
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