This paper introduces a framework to jointly account for the affordability of the periodic repayment of the housing debt (income constraint) and of the initial deposit (budget constraint). An application to 2006-2012 micro-data on Italian households indicates that the improvement in the ability...

Climate change poses severe systemic risks to the financial sector through multiple transmission channels. In this paper, we estimate the potential impact of different carbon taxes (€50, €100, €200 and €800 per ton of CO2) on the Italian banks’ default rates at the sector level in the...

This study provides a first assessment of Italian banks' exposure to physical risk arising from climate change in relation to lending to non-financial corporates. Based on granular data on loans and on the likelihood of climate-related events, we quantify to what extent physical risk could...