credit to non-financial firms in Italy between 2008 and 2015. We use time-varying firm fixed effects to control for shifts in … causally affected by the level of NPL ratios: the negative correlation between NPL ratios and credit growth in our data is … mostly generated by changes in firms' conditions and a contraction in their demand for credit. However, the exogenous …

enterprises, as captured by the assessment of credit standards provided by the banks participating in the Eurosystem Bank Lending … bias in the estimated contribution of a tightening in credit standards from using the information for the BLS-only banks … information over the credit cycle for policymakers …

). Credit risks stemming from introducing a carbon tax – during periods of low default rates – are modest on banks: on average …

During the financial crisis banks faced liquidity shocks, and lending slowed down. The reduction in credit availability … needs; on the other hand, the tightening of credit supply was the result of banks' greater risk-aversion, difficulties in … others: lending to female firms may have suffered more during the crisis than other segments of the credit market. By using …

more to revolving credit lines than borrowers in low-crime areas. The evidence also suggests that access to credit is …

This study presents the results of a survey carried out by the Bank of Italy in 2015 on the efficiency of credit …