We investigate the valuation risk affecting financial instruments classified as L2 and L3 for accounting purposes. These are instruments that are not directly traded in active markets and are often relatively complex, opaque and illiquid. There is a huge volume of L2 and L3 instruments in the...

Level 2 (L2) and Level 3 (L3) assets and liabilities represent a substantial portion of European banks’ balance sheets, and valuing them is extremely difficult, since no liquid market prices are available. This paper relies on a large panel of euro-area banks between 2014 and 2019, and two...

Italian Abstract: Il lavoro descrive le caratteristiche dei private placement e discute le condizioni necessarie per la loro diffusione in Europa. Il private placement è una modalità di finanziamento usata principalmente da imprese di medie dimensioni che, non potendo accedere al mercato...

Italian Abstract: Il tema del finanziamento degli investimenti a lungo termine è al centro dell'agenda delle autorità di politica economica; è tra le priorità della Presidenza italiana dell'Unione Europea. Il lavoro presenta le principali iniziative internazionali in materia e mette in rilievo...

Using a unique data set, this paper describes the main features of the venture capital industry in Italy. Operations by Italian specialised venture capitalists are only in part devoted to small, young firms from advanced industries, have a rather short duration and are weakly focused on a few...

The recent financial crisis has induced firms to turn increasingly to financing sources other than bank credit, and banks to boost their income from non-lending services. This paper provides some evidence concerning possibility and convenience for Italian banks to expand the supply of financial...

FinTech credit has attracted significant attention from academics and policymakers in recent years. Given its growing importance, in this paper we provide an overview of the empirical research on FinTech credit to households and non-financial corporations (NFCs). We focus on three broad topics:...

Italian Abstract: Il principio contabile IFRS 9, entrato in vigore nel 2018, ha introdotto profonde innovazioni ed è stato sinora declinato in maniera diversificata dagli intermediari bancari e finanziari, per cui in alcuni casi sono state adottate soluzioni relativamente semplici, in linea con...

In line with developments at the global level, the attention of financial regulators on ESG factors, particularly on environmental and climate-related risks, has significantly increased over recent years. In this context, disclosure of relevant climate-related information plays a key role, for...

After the crisis, bank regulators are considering mitigating liquidity risk by introducing quantity limits on liquidity and maturity mismatch. We argue that aggregate liquidity risk can be reduced with little deadweight loss by encouraging banks, through adequate regulatory relief, to satisfy...