Abstract Without variety, there is no competition. In the field of political competition the constituency must have options between different political agents as well. The state is often regarded as a natural monopoly which is contradictory to competition. Industrial economics have developed...

Abstract Recently, the political discussion concerning a new national immigration policy in Germany has been highly controversial, although all political forces agree that the existing legal provisions have significant deficits. In the fall of 2001, the German government presented its draft bill...