What is the fundamental value of a stock? Do stock prices deviate from this fundamental value? If yes, do they go back to their fundamental value? This paper proposes to answer these three questions by using a stock valuation model based on the Consumption-Capital Asset Pricing Model (C-CAPM)...

The out-of-sample forecasting performance of traditional stock return models (dividend yield, t-bill rate, etc.) is compared with the forecasting performance of the Livingston survey. The results suggest that the survey forecasts are much like a “too large” forecasting model: poor performance...

Crack and Ledoit (1996) discover the compass rose of stock returns, generated by discrete stock prices and additional assumptions concerning the level and variation of stock prices. They raise the question, whether this phenomenon does introduce predictable structures in stock returns. In...