Based on the APARCH model and two outlier detection methods, we computereliable time series of volatility asymmetry for 49 countries with relatively few ob-servations. Results show a steady increase in the asymmetry over the years for mostcountries. We nd that economic development and market...

In this paper we investigate the theoretical relation between financial leverage and stock returns in a dynamic world where both the corporate investment and finance decisions are endogenous. We find that the link between leverage and stock returns is more complex than the static textbook...