, the determinants and dynamics of individuals' participation in off-farm employment activities have not received adequate … individual-level off-farm (wage and self) employment participation rates; analyzes the extent and drivers of entry into off …-farm employment and continued employment; and conducts the analysis by gender and rural/urban location. A significant share of the …

change was to narrow the definition of employment to work for pay or profit. By the revised standards, farming that is only … or mainly intended for own use is no longer considered employment, and such a farmer is no longer considered to be … employed or in the labor force. This paper analyzes the implications of the revised standards on measures of employment in Sub …

collected by United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees to register refugees with data from its Home Visit surveys to analyze … income poverty rates among refugees with a gender lens. It finds distinguishing between different types of male and female … principal applicant (PA) households is important in the setting of Syrian refugees in Jordan. Poverty rates for couples with …

, and the concepts of housework and employment are taken as mutually exclusive. Second, given this duality between housework … and employment, women define "employment" based on a set of necessary characteristics that exclude many of their own …

integration measures on gender employment and wages. The study incorporates gender-differentiated employment and wages for … only some countries signing the free trade agreement. Women's employment grows faster than men's employment, as most of the … sectors that benefit due to these free trade agreements are women intensive. Growth in women's employment and wages in South …

Accurate estimates of men's and women's employment are at the heart of understanding sources of productivity and … analysis shows that, compared with the best practice of privately interviewing adults about their employment outcomes, the … significant underreporting of employment across a range of wage and self-employment activities, with stronger effects for women …

' employment, accounting for the complexity of measuring rural women's labor force participation, as well as data on social … issues to consider when examining rural women's employment in socioeconomic surveys, as well as a survey research agenda to …