intensive margin and extensive margin, but a possible lower impact on innovation than could have been expected …

competition on R&D according to the cost of the innovation. The effect of competition on R&D is an inverted U-shape. However, the … shape is flatter and competition policy is therefore less relevant for innovation when innovations are relatively costly …. Intuitively, if innovations are costly for a firm, competitive shocks have to be significant to alter its innovation decisions …

innovation. We first establish a positive and significant correlation between various measures of innovativeness and top income … in the top 1% income share between 1975 and 2010. Finally, we show that innovation does not increase broader measures of … inequality which do not focus on top incomes, and that innovation is positively correlated with social mobility, but less so in …

Advertising and innovation are two engines for firms to escape competition through a better attraction power toward …