We identify and examine the presence of the long memory in equity returns and more generally in specific transformations of these returns, on both the US and European stock markets. Taking into account the persistence phenomenon, we analyze the effect of the splitting of the sample period on the...

In order to measure the interdependence between different markets, we investigate and compare different measures of dependence including cross-correlation, conditional correlation, concordance and correlation in tails. In the latter case, we use the notion of copula and we define two kinds of...

Business surveys are an important element in the analysis of the short-term economic situation because of the timeliness and nature of the information they convey. Especially, surveys are often involved in econometric models in order to provide an early assessment of the current state of the...