opportunity entrepreneurs, who voluntarily pursue a business opportunity, and necessity entrepreneurs, who lack alternative … indicate that the returns to a year of education for opportunity entrepreneurs are 3.5 percentage points higher than the paid … employees' rate of 8.1%, but 6.5 percentage points lower for necessity entrepreneurs. -- returns to education ; opportunity …

entrepreneurs are 'rooted' in place. This paper tests the 'residential rootedness'-hypothesis of self-employment by examining for …