Since the formation of the East Asian Summit (EAS) in 2005, Energy Market Integration (EMI) in East Asia has become one of the initiatives endorsed and actively promoted by EAS governments. Electricity market integration in East Asia is an important component of EMI. It is argued that an...

The structure of this report is still similar to the previous versions in view of the application of similar methodology but it should be noted that one of the important accomplishments of this research study is the development of energy efficiency targets for the countries that did not have...

The World Trade Organization (WTO) will stage its ninth Ministerial Conference (MC9) in Bali, Indonesia, on 3-6 December 2013. The meeting comes at a critical juncture for the multilateral trade body, long mired in the Doha Round stalemate. Beyond offering a critical first test at...

It is widely believed that EMI in East Asia is beneficial for both developed and developing countries. However, such benefits are more often stated in qualitative ways than in quantitative ways. Since the benefits of EMI are not without questions, it is useful to do further quantitative studies...

The services sector plays a critical role in the economy as it makes available to other productive sectors an environment to be more efficient by providing inputs in their production and distribution activities. However, in a globalized setting, a more efficient services sector does not only...

The 41st ASEAN Economic Ministers (AEM) held in Bangkok in 2009, as conveyed by the AEM 2011 Chair, H.E. Mari Elka Pangestu’s 15 April 2011 letter to the Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA) together with the Terms of Reference, requested ERIA to assist ASEAN in...

Energy security and climate change are very important issues in the world. At the 2nd East Asia Summit (EAS) in Cebu Island of the Philippines, January 2007, the leaders of the region declared that East Asia could mitigate these problems by strong leadership on several countermeasures. These...

At the World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD), which was held in Johannesburg in 2002, participating countries committed “to achieve, by 2020, that chemicals are used and produced in ways that lead to the minimization of significant adverse effects on human health and the environment,...

Energy security is a concept that forms the basis of energy policy in every country. It goes without saying that countries must be able to provide a stable supply of energy at an acceptable price, and in the quantity needed to sustain the lives of their people and economic activities. Energy...