This paper analyses the main effects of the Brazilian trade liberalization on the technical efficiency of the manufacturing industry and the trade pattern. The principal empirical findings suggest the following results for the 1990's: i) expressive gains in labor productivity and reduction of...

In this article external orientation indicators for the Brazilian manufacturing industry are outlined. These indicators allow to better understand the changes on trade orientation during the 1990s and the effect of an external shock, considering both the revenue (external sales and domestic...