In this article external orientation indicators for the Brazilian manufacturing industry are outlined. These indicators allow to better understand the changes on trade orientation during the 1990s and the effect of an external shock, considering both the revenue (external sales and domestic...

The objective of this article is to analyze the spin-off in the Brazilian military industry. Two important points can be observed in the existing literature: first, the verification that the spin-off has not occurred in the Brazilian case, and second, the limited number of case studies on this...

The balance-of-payment crisis literature can offer the basis to understand the current economic turmoil in Brazil. According to the author's calculations, the real exchange rate requires a 15% to 20% devaluation so as to assure that the intertemporal balance-of-payments constraint is not...

This article assesses the impacts of Brazil's exchange-based stabilization plan (Plano Real) on the country's external financial fragility and discusses alternative exchange policies to overcome the external vulnerability. An index for external financial fragility is applied to a time series of...

This paper shows that the rules established to control state and municipal debt in Brazil are inefficient. They cannot prevent the excessive growth of the debt nor avoid the approval of loans that have a negative benefit-cost relation. The paper uses theoretical models to show that the federal...

A description is given of a research program on the incomplete nature of scientific knowledge, extended to analyze the minimum curriculum for economics in Brazil and the consequent formulation of proposals for change. The conclusion is that a further period of two years is recommended, one to...