European Union policymakers have in principle put innovation at the heart of competitiveness, in particular in the … Europe 2020 strategy. But in merger control, assessments of the innovation effects of mergers are inadequate, even though … capability to innovate. EU merger control rules include scope for assessing the innovation effects of mergers, but in practice …

The SME access-to-finance problem is not universal in the European Union and there are reasons for the fall in credit … aggregates and higher SME lending rates in southern Europe. Possible market failures, high unemployment and externalities justify … quality review before it takes over the single supervisory role. Of the possible initiatives for fostering SME access to …

advancement often mix up different stages of innovation - research, development and adoption. Each stage is constrained by the …

Innovation in the European Union remains weak and there are relatively few signs of progress. In this policy …