could lead to more unemployment. This long run effect vanishes under the Phillips specification. On the whole, the final … effect upon unemployment depends on agents' bargaining preferences during wage negotiations: the further from labor cost they … negotiate (thus the closer to net income), the higher the risk that demographic change ultimately leads to more unemployment. …

rate allows us to illustrate the importance of political measures used over the last thirty years to deal with unemployment … apprenticeship, increasing number of students passing the baccalauréat, population structure, unemployment rate&). In both situations …, we measure only weak, if any, response of participation rates to short-term unemployment rate changes. …

The long-term equilibrium unemployment rate has returned to the center of the economic debate in France. It derives … compute a long-term equilibrium unemployment rate that depends, in France, on the terms of trade, the employer social …

unemployment rate. Since 1993, labor market policies have aimed at lowering the labor costs for unskilled workers. In the same time …