research output, the time and cost to completion, and the market demand for the Ramp;D output. The model is then applied to …;D, but there is no consensus on how to administer the sponsorship effectively. Different research incentive contracts are …

, highlighting research published during the past decade, with a focus on empirical research examining links between environmental …&D spending. My review concludes with a discussion of three promising areas for new research on environmental innovation …

share research results. We distinguish between two types of sharing, specific sharing in which a researcher shares her data … conference presentations). We present two simple games in which scientists research a problem of scientific merit (with an … associated prize of academic and/or commercial value). In both cases, the scientists have intermediate research results but none …

until the fund is exhausted, strengthening suppliers' incentives to invest in research, development, and capacity. Last …

the economy, currently available drugs have limited efficacy and serious side effects. Clinical research conducted since …

empirical pattern could be observed. The analysis focuses on models where the demand for brand-name pharmaceuticals is divided … the market. The paper concludes with a review of recent empirical research and suggestions for future work on the effects …