Die Motorisierung der Weltbevölkerung und das Verkehrsaufkommen werden zukünftig weiter zunehmen. Die zentralen Triebkräfte hinter diesen Entwicklungen werden das immense Bevölkerungswachstum und die rasant steigenden Einkommen in zahlreichen Regionen der Welt sein. Eine sehr dynamische...

We analyze the relationships between biodiesel, ethanol and related fuels and agricultural commodities with a use of minimal spanning trees and hierarchical trees and Granger causality. We construct this trees for different frequencies (weekly, monthly and quarterly). We find that in short-term,...

This paper analyzes the impact of an ethanol import tariff in conjunction with a consumption mandate and tax credit. A tax credit alone acts as a subsidy to ethanol producers, equally benefiting exporters like Brazil. If an import tariff is imposed to offset the tax credit, world prices of...

A general theory is developed to analyze the efficiency and income distribution effects of a biofuel consumer tax credit and the interaction effects with a price contingent farm subsidy. Using the U.S. ethanol market as a stylized example, ethanol prices rise above the gasoline price by the...

The interconnections within food, biofuel and fossil fuel markets are first described in the context of biofuels technologies and economic policy framework. Consequently, the econometric analysis consisting of Johansen cointegration, error correction model, vector autoregression and Granger...