As unemployment falls it is often the most disadvantaged unemployed whoget left behind. To identify what works to improve the job prospects of thisgroup, Helen Evans has looked at Bootstrap Enterprises in Hackney, anexample of a community-based employment project working for 22 years withthis...

We present a joint study of the U.S. structural transformation (thedecline of agriculture as the dominating sector) and regional convergence(of southern to northern average wages).We find empiricallythat most of the regional convergence is attributable to the structuraltransformation: the...