One of the most significant changes in the labour market in the twentieth century was the rise of the internal labour market. Its origins can be found in the nineteenth century, particularly in the large service companies such as banks and the railway companies. By studying the internal labour...

The period of 1840 (when the Opium War broken out) till now is commonly regarded as China’s modern era, ‘modern’ in terms of China’s departure from its original growth and developmental path. In this context, the term modern has been intimately associated with something alien to the...

This report covers the second year of the ESRC Research Centre for Analysis ofSocial Exclusion (CASE) from October 1998 to September 1999. The year sawincreased activity and output from the previous year.The Centre’s objectives are to develop understanding within five broad areas:income...