Europe is a continent of cities with a remarkable history of cultural inspiration, wealth creation, social and politicaldynamism. But in the late-20th century, many former industrial cities entered a period of steep decline, losingmost of their manufacturing jobs and many of their economic...

This report covers the third year of the ESRC Research Centre for Analysis of Social Exclusion (CASE) fromOctober 1999 to September 2000.The Centre’s objectives are to develop understanding within five broad areas: income mobility and economicexclusion; the role of social welfare institutions;...