Europe is a continent of cities with a remarkable history of cultural inspiration, wealth creation, social andpolitical dynamism. But in the late-20th century, many former industrial cities entered a period of steep decline,losing most of their manufacturing jobs and many of their economic...

This report summarises the key issues that arose and pulls together the actions proposed byleading experts at different levels, from the poorest neighbourhoods up to central government.There was no proposed or agreed single line of action; rather there were multiple strands ofthinking that,...