investments in children with multiple periods of childhood, income shocks, imperfect insurance, dynamic complementarity and … whole history of parental income, using data from Norway. We find that, conditional on permanent income, education is … maximized when income is balanced between the early childhood and middle childhood years. In addition, there is an advantage to …

We study the treatment effect of grade retention, using a panel of French junior highschool students, taking unobserved … weakest students. We also show that class size is endogenous and tends to increase with unobserved student ability. The … Average Treatment Effect (ATE) of grade retention is negative, again with the exception of the weakest group of students …

teaching practices have positive effects of similar magnitudes on the performance of U.S. students on standardized tests in …

, maternal leave increased on average by 4 months and family income was unaffected. We find that this increase in maternal time … those whose mothers have less than 10 years of education. This effect is especially large for children of mothers who, in …

not by parents, most of whom were already working. Beneficiary children saw sustained gains in height-for-age and weight …This study examines the impact of publicly provided daycare for children aged 0-3 on outcomes of children and their … used a lottery to assign children to limited public daycare openings. Winning the lottery translated to a 34 percent …