much displacement of UK workers or lower wages, on average. Immigrants, especially in recent years, tend to be younger and …

have been exaggerated. It is hard to find evidence of much displacement of UK workers or lower wages, on average … have experienced greater downward pressure on wages and greater competition for jobs than others, but these effects still …

the wages of native-born workers in the UK have failed to find any significant effect. This is something of a puzzle … substitutes, so that an increase in immigration reduces the wages of immigrants relative to natives. We show this using a pooled … time series of British cross-sectional micro data of observations on male wages and employment from the mid-1970s to the …