ethnic identity on the immigrants’ employment outcomes. Using rich survey data from France and relying on a polychoric … design effective post-immigration policies. …

liberal access to citizenship improves the economic integration of immigrants. Our analysis relies on two major immigration …

, which followed the pre-existing patterns of Eastern German immigration immediately after WWII. We construct a Manpower …, European, and Asian firms. Our results help inform relevant debates such as the reform of immigration policies and the …

Western Europe, but by lower employment rates in Eastern and Southern Europe. …

key ingredients: creditor discrimination and crowding-out effects. Creditor discrimination arises because, in turbulent …

discrimination. Using data collected in the 1980 Women and Employment Survey, we find that women's wages would be between 20 and 25 … per cent higher in the absence of discrimination. This is somewhat higher than previous estimates have indicated. …

We adopt a general equilibrium approach in order to measure the effects of recent immigration on the Western German … period 1987-2001, we find that the substantial immigration of the 1990's had no adverse effects on native wages and … as `flexible' as the UK labour market, it would be more efficient in dealing with the effects of immigration. …