lower, when compared to Spain. This suggests that the hardship of being unemployed is higher in Portugal. Unemployment …, can explain this disparity. In this chapter we present some estimates of the loss of consumption suffered by unemployed …In Portugal real wage flexibility, at the macroeconomic level, is noticeably higher, while unemployment duration is …

explaining the high and persistent EU unemployment rates, focusing on several labour market institutions like collective …In this paper we analyse the likely effects of Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) on European unemployment. We start by … describing the current unemployment situation in the European Union (EU). In so doing, we try to assess the relative importance …

‘atypical’/temporary/part-time employment contracts for new entrants in the labour market. As a result, the incidence of … other countries. Secondly, we address the puzzle of why temporary employment in Spain remains so high, despite recent labour … contrast with other institutional reforms of the labour market, there seems to be a common strategy of maintaining strict …

to non-wage labour costs. We also find positive effects on the transitions from unemployment and temporary employment … account for most new jobs. In 1997, however, the Spanish government attempted to reduce the incidence of temporary employment …Temporary employment contracts allowing unrestricted dismissals were introduced in Spain in 1984 and quickly came to …

Employment protection legislations (EPL) are not enforced uniformly across the board. There are a number of exemptions …

, finally, (vii) What is the overall cross-country time-series evidence regarding the employment effect of the minima? The aim …

externality on unskilled jobs and weakens the labour market position of low-educated workers. This last feature changes the …This paper considers a matching model with heterogeneous jobs (unskilled and skilled) and workers (low- and high … unskilled jobs and continue to search for skilled jobs. Our findings show that on-the-job search introduces an additional source …

labour market institutions. Our aim is to explain the main sources of shocks to unemployment, and the most relevant features …In this paper we analyse the underlying causes behind Spanish unemployment which is now at 24%. We interpret this … of their transmission mechanism. To do so we use a structural VAR approach in modelling the Spanish labour market. …

This Paper considers a matching model of heterogeneous workers and jobs, which includes on-the-job search. High …-educated workers transitorily accept unskilled jobs and continue to search for skilled jobs. We study the implications of this model … for the unemployment rates of high and low-educated workers, for the share of mismatched workers and wage inequality both …

In many countries, Employment Protection Legislation (EPL) establishes different regulations for certain groups of … workers who face more disadvantages in the labour market (young workers, women, unskilled workers, etc.) with the aim of … improving their employability. Well-known examples are the introduction of atypical employment contracts (e.g. temporary and …