opportunity to explore the determinants of child health in the era before the welfare state. We examine the trade-off between the … quality (in the form of health outcomes) and the number of children in the family at a time when genuine poverty still existed …. -- Child health ; heights ; poverty …

In this paper we argue that the fertility decline that began around 1880 had substantial positive effects on the health … degree of crowding in the household. The evidence suggests that family size affected the health of children through its … falling family size contributed significantly to improving child health between 1886 and 1938. Between 1906 and 1938 these …

height and health can be related to infant mortality through a positive selection effect and a negative scarring effect …The first half of the twentieth century saw rapid improvements in the health and height of British children. Average …. Examining town-level panel data on the heights of school children I find no evidence for the selection effect but some support …

We examine the health and height of men born in England and Wales in the 1890s who enlisted in the army at the time of … suggest that changing conditions at both household and locality levels contributed to the increase in height and health in the …

to the improvement in health (and the increase in height) during the twentieth century. …