what extent business cycles or unemployment levels influence entries into entrepreneurship. Our analysis for Germany … reveals that there is a positive relationship between unemployment rates and start-up activities. Moreover, new business … disentangling periods of low and high unemployment we find that the effect of unemployment on new business formation is only …

, namely their unemployment, likely prompted their decision. In contrast to this, business founders who have been previously … unemployment. -- Entrepreneurship ; push and pull motives ; survival and failure ; job creation …

market policy ; unemployment …

only the end of unemployment for the new entrepreneur but also some further positive effects, e.g., direct job creation … heterogeneous. -- Start-up subsidies ; self-employment ; unemployment ; direct employment effects ; survival …