performance - in particular, tournament incentives - induce more stress than schemes that are independent of performance - fixed … self-reported feelings of stress and primary appraisals. We find that tournament incentives induce a stress response … incentives schemes is not a relevant criterion for sorting decisions in our experiment. Finally, we find that cortisol levels are …

. Understanding the interaction between income support systems (such as unemployment benefits, social assistance, early retirement and … speed and depth of the reforms are remarkable, mainly aimed at activating people by increasing their incentives to take up …

reservation/market wage ratio. Relative to single filers, this leads to strong negative labour supply incentives for secondary … earners and to positive incentives for first earners in married couples. …

tradeoff between risk and incentives. Subjects in our experiments choose their compensation for performing a real-effort task …