This paper documents a stylized fact: the Third World has been undergoing an emigration life cycle since the 1960s, and …, except for Africa, emigration rates have been level or even declining since a peak in the late 1980s and the early 1990s. The … fundamentals driving these emigration life cycles to the United States since 1970 – income and education gaps between the US and …

Two of the main forces driving European emigration in the late nineteenth century were real wage gaps between sending … there is a demographic speed up in the making. Our estimates suggest that the pressure on emigration out of Africa will …