Over the last few years, a series of rulings by the European Court of Justice (ECJ) has opened up the European Union to cross-border mobility in incorporation. In this paper we explore how deregulation and the costs of regulation have affected the location decisions of firms. Using a newly...

Kalman filtering is used as a method of analysing the expectation formulation procedures employed by companies. The filter permits a number of alternative representations of managers' models of their firms activities to be compared. Applying the procedure to United Kingdom data on expectations,...