practitioners and economists, taking the existing regulatory environment as fixed. Based on the degree of existing regulation (full …

network available to other companies (local loop unbundling, or LLU). Entrants are then able to upgrade their individual lines … that over the course of time, many entrants have begun to take advantage of LLU. However, unbundling has little or no … technology (cable) which is not subject to regulation, and what we discover is that inter-platform competition has a positive …

background of the new block exemption regulation for cars in Europe, we explore an econometric approach to define the relevant … market share thresholds stipulated in the block exemption regulation. We find that, if we would have used an approach based …

bargaining on regulation. In a simple two way trade model a la Brander and Spencer, we take into account the three following … features of regulatory measures: a) a regulation raises the cost not only of foreign producers but also of domestic producers …; b) a regulation also creates a fixed cost which is entirely supported by foreign exporters; c) a regulation may provide …

and under optimal regulation, production in these sectors is inefficiently low. The small open country is relatively … for tradable goods. Free trade with optimal regulation is Pareto dominated by autarky with optimal regulation when, under …’ regulatory policies cannot be considered separately from trade policy instruments, when regulation is characterized by serious …