rate allows us to illustrate the importance of political measures used over the last thirty years to deal with unemployment … apprenticeship, increasing number of students passing the baccalauréat, population structure, unemployment rate&). In both situations …, we measure only weak, if any, response of participation rates to short-term unemployment rate changes. …

The long-term equilibrium unemployment rate has returned to the center of the economic debate in France. It derives … compute a long-term equilibrium unemployment rate that depends, in France, on the terms of trade, the employer social …