A growing concern in Western countries is the fact that immigrants might adopt oppositional identities. Although … identity is expected to affect the economic outcomes of immigrants, little is known about the factors that in uence the … attacks on the process of identity formation and the employment outcomes of Turkish immigrants in Germany. Using longitudinal …

The objective of this paper is twofold: first, to determine the immigrants' ethnic identity, i.e. the degree of … ethnic identity on the immigrants' employment outcomes. Using rich survey data from France and relying on a polychoric … identities. The paper investigates the impact of the ethnic identity measures on the employment outcomes of immigrants in France …

whether their occupation is affected by legal workplace closures or mobility restrictions. Furthermore, we compare the shares …

work from home but also whether their occupation is affected by workplace closures or mobility restrictions. We find that, on …