substitutes for native workers, we expect that the impact of immigration will be largest immediately upon the immigrants’ arrival … substitutes for natives because of their lack of local human capital, the initial effect of immigration is small, and the effect …, we do not find any effect of immigration on employment, neither in the short nor in the long run. …

One of the most controversial aspects of immigration policy is the impact of foreigners on labour market outcomes of … second part we offer a further argument for a potential detrimental effect of immigration: if wages are negotiated at the …