, because rhetoric on the one hand, and content and methodology of the paper on the other, cannot be separated easily. We … productivity constant. We analyse close to 200 papers to investigate what drives authors to talk about ‘discrimination’, whether …

substitutes for native workers, we expect that the impact of immigration will be largest immediately upon the immigrants’ arrival … substitutes for natives because of their lack of local human capital, the initial effect of immigration is small, and the effect …, we do not find any effect of immigration on employment, neither in the short nor in the long run. …