We set up a simple trade model with two countries hosting one firm each. The firms invest in cost-reducing R&D, and … R&D subsidies the lower the level of trade costs, even if the firms are independent monopolies. If firms produce …

with high scale elasticities typically display a non-monotonous relationship between trade liberalisation and concentration …, with maximal concentration for intermediate trade costs. Other industries, more driven by comparative advantage, become … more and more concentrated as trade costs are lowered. On the aggregate European level we find an (inverse) U …

This paper examines the role of the burden of proof (BoP) in National Treatment (NT) disputes under trade agreements …

Using a numerical general equilibrium model we examine the possible production, trade and welfare effects of successful … implementation of the Uruguay Round results. The model includes trade in manufactures and (some) services among industrial regions ….e. ignoring both agriculture and trade with developing countries) may be fairly limited. Compared with a scenario of GATT failure …

The Most-Favored Nation clause (MFN) forbids Members of a trade agreement to discriminate between trading partners. It … agreements in the World Trade Organization. There seems to be a rather widespread belief among policy makers that there are …

This paper derives optimal trade and domestic taxes for a small open economy containing a monopolistically competitive … protection arise from terms of trade effects and, since various margins of substitution are switched off, only the relative …