We analyze the trade and production patterns of countries located at varying distances from an economic centre. Exports … trade depend both on factor endowments and factor intensities, and on distance and the transport intensities of different … goods. Countries divide into zones with different trade patterns, some export oriented and others import substituting. We …

in trade agreements increase the likelihood and restrictiveness of NTBs. We also provide a structural estimate that …

We assess the impact of U.S. trade policy uncertainty (TPU) toward China in a tractable general equilibrium framework … turn reduces trade flows and real income for consumers. We apply the model to analyze China's export boom around its WTO … normal trade relationship status and thus ending the annual threat to revert to Smoot-Hawley tariff levels. We construct a …

In this paper we explore the potential gains that a trade agreement (TA) can provide by regulating trade …-policy uncertainty, in addition to the more standard gains from reducing the mean levels of trade barriers. We show that in a standard … trade model with income-risk neutrality there tends to be an uncertainty-increasing motive for a TA. With income …

and entry decisions in the context of international trade. When market entry costs are sunk, policy uncertainty can create … dynamic, heterogeneous firms model we show that: (i) investment and entry into export markets is reduced when trade policy is … uncertain, and (ii) preferential trade agreements (PTAs) are valuable to exporters even if applied trade barriers are currently …

This paper examines the role of the burden of proof (BoP) in National Treatment (NT) disputes under trade agreements …

The Most-Favored Nation clause (MFN) forbids Members of a trade agreement to discriminate between trading partners. It … agreements in the World Trade Organization. There seems to be a rather widespread belief among policy makers that there are …

Most countries are members of preferential trade agreements (PTAs). The effect of these agreements has attracted much … interest and raised the question of whether PTAs promote or slow down multilateral trade liberalization, i.e. whether they are … multilateral liberalization. We use detailed data on US tariff reductions during the most recent multilateral trade round to …