statics and kinetics of institutional systems, and biological – for the figurative description of their evolution. Efficiency …

and the development of the UAE’s economy. …

economic development. Knowledge-based economies are founded on increasing specialization, research, innovation and learning … institutional environment play a key role in the development of a knowledge economy, so they do matter. The paper argues that …

1950s. Finally, we turn to the determinants of a broad array of development indicators for the year 1960 and for the 1960 …

analysis of the evolution of economic policies in the Western countries and in the countries of successful catch up development … several policies to promote the catch up development: the speed of foreign exchange reserves accumulation ("exchange rate … countries in 1975—1999 shows that the impact of these policies may be positive or negative depending on a stage of development …

We construct a simple model where political elites may block technological and institutional development, because of a … replaced. Fearing replacement, political elites are unwilling to initiate change, and may even block economic development. We … show that elites are unlikely to block development when there is a high degree of political competition, or when they are …

-specific pre-colonial institutions in shaping comparative regional development in Africa. We utilize information on the spatial … we document a positive cross-sectional association between national institutions and regional economic development … regional development. The positive within country effect of pre-colonial institutions also obtains in regions of partitioned …

We try to introduce in this paper an outline of explanation of the under development sources in the Arab world, by … the presence of inefficient spontaneous institution, the growth and development opportunity will be limited and the …