Audretsch, David B; Carree, Martin A; Thurik, A R Roy; … - C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers - 2005
This paper investigates the dynamic relationship between self-employment and unemployment rates. On the one hand, high … unemployment rates may lead to start-up activity of self-employed individuals (the 'refugee' effect). On the other hand, higher … rates of self employment may indicate increased entrepreneurial activity reducing unemployment in subsequent periods (the …